Introduction to Programming Languages

Overview of C
Getting Started with C
Character Set
C Tokens
Identifiers
Keywords
Variables
Constants
Modifiers and basic data types
Static, extern, register and auto variables.
A simple C program
Preprocessor directives

Operators

Arithmetic
Relational
Logical
Assignment
Unary
Binary
Ternary
Comma
Type cast
Macros

Bit-wise Operators

Bitwise AND (&) operator
Bitwise OR (|) operator
Bitwise XOR (^) operator
Precedence and associativity of operators
I/O functions
Character I/O
Formatted I/O
Format specifiers
Escape sequences

Decision Making and Branching

Introduction
Decision making with IF statement
Simple IF statements

The IF ELSE statement

Nesting of IF… ELSE statements
The ELSE IF ladder

The switch statement

The ?: Operator
The GOTO statement

Decision Making and Looping

Introduction
The WHILE statement
The DO statement
The FOR statement

Arrays

Introduction
Declaration of arrays
Initialization of arrays
Two-dimensional arrays
Multidimensional arrays
Sting/Character arrays

Pointers

Introduction
Pointer Concepts
Pointer constants
Pointer values
Pointer variables
Accessing variables through pointers
Pointer declaration & definition
Assigning values to pointers
Pointer arithmetic
Pointers as function arguments
Pointers and arrays
Memory allocation
Function Pointers

Structures and Unions

Defining a structure
Declaring structure variables
Accessing structure elements
Initializing structures
Passing structures as arguments
Arrays of structures
Pointer to structures
Unions
Structures vs. Unions

Working with Functions

Writing functions
Function declaration
Function prototypes
Variables
Local variables
Formal parameters
Global variables
Calling functions
Passing Arguments
Call by value
Call by reference
Return Values

File Handling

Streams and files
Streams
Text streams
Binary streams
Files
Basic file functions
File pointer
Opening a file
Closing a file
Writing/reading characters
Formatted File I/O
Random Access of Files

Stacks and Queues

Push function & pop Function of stack
Insert and delete functions of queue.

Linked Lists

The mechanism
Defining a linked lists
Linked list declaration
Traversing a list
Inserting, Deleting, and searching link-elements
Single-linked lists
Double-linked lists
Circular lists

Trees

Binary trees.
Traversing tree order.
Binary search tree.
AVL tree.
B-tree and B+-tree.

Sorting

Bubble sort.
Selection sort.
Insertion sort.
Merge sort.
Quick sort.
Radix sort.
Shell sort.
Heap sort.